Repairing water damage, foundation cracks or leaky roofs can put a strain on any homeowner’s wallet. But those in Massachusetts may feel the pressure more, according to the Renovation Pressure Index designed by Besroi Roofing & Siding using data from the U.S. Census Bureau and other sources.

Massachusetts ranked No. 2 nationwide for renovation pressure in the index, second only to New York. Notably, Northeastern states made up six of the top 10 rankings while no Southern states were represented.

So, what’s behind the trend? The Bay State’s aging housing supply, the study suggests. The median home age in Massachusetts is 61 years. Massachusetts has the third-highest median home age nationally and sits far behind Arkansas, the state with the lowest median home age at 47 years.

Many older homes face deterioration over time, meaning they require more upkeep when compared to their more modern counterparts. “The cost of that upkeep varies enormously depending on where a homeowner lives, and in some parts of the country, the financial weight of maintaining an aging home has become a defining challenge of homeownership,” said study authors in a press release.

Repair costs can add up quickly. Homeowners in Massachusetts borrow an average of $157,511 yearly to cover home renovation costs. That’s the third-highest loan-per-borrower rate in the country.