Instances of mortgage fraud risk grew 12.4 percent since last year, according to CoreLogic’s Mortgage Application Fraud Risk Index.

Approximately one in 109 applications, or 0.92 percent, of all mortgage applications contained indications of fraud. This is up from one in 122, or 0.82 percent, last year. The report also shows that the index has increased for the last seven quarters and has been on an upward trend since the third quarter of 2010.

The Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land MSA ranked at No. 19 on the list of metro areas with the highest mortgage application fraud risk with a Risk Index score of 188, a 51 percent jump from last year and a 17 percent increase from Q1.

“This year’s trend continues to show an increase in mortgage fraud risk year over year,” said Bridget Berg, principal of Fraud Solutions Strategy for CoreLogic.

CoreLogic attributes this year’s growth to a smaller share of low-risk applications, such as reduction refinances. From Q2 2017 to Q2 2018, the proportion of purchase transactions increased from 66 percent of applications to 72 percent.

“Purchase transactions have shown a higher risk profile than refinances due to the stronger motivations to commit fraud,” CoreLogic states in the report.

The report also cites an increase in fraud risk due to the number of loans that were originated through wholesale channels, which have a higher risk level than other channels such as correspondent and retail. Loans through wholesale channels have increased from 7.32 percent last year to 8.55 percent.

Income fraud, which includes the “misrepresentation of the existence, continuance, source, or amount of income used to qualify,” saw the highest annual growth. Income fraud risk increased 22.1 percent year-over-year and specifically saw a strong increase in the first quarter of this year. Occupancy fraud, which is when a borrower misrepresents the intended use of a property, grew 3.5 percent year-over-year while transaction fraud, when the nature of the transaction is falsified including undisclosed agreements and falsified down payments, increased 0.6 percent

“Because home prices are rising, and demand is strong, most mortgage fraud in this type of market is motivated by bona fide borrowers trying to qualify for a mortgage,” Berg said. “Undisclosed real estate liabilities, credit repair, questionable down payment sources and income falsification are the most likely misrepresentations.”

Read more from our Mortgage Lending Issue:

• Cover story: How mortgage lenders and agents collaborate to succeed
• Interest rate hikes add to Boston homebuyer costs
• Lender sentiment slips amid growing competition and savvy borrowers
• Survey: How agents can help their clients with home financing