Boston is one of the leading U.S. metros for science, technology, engineering and mathematics jobs, according to the latest STEMdex report from RCLCO Real Estate Consulting.

Using data from the U.S. Census Bureau and other sources, RCLCO researchers ranked metros based on STEM location quotients that took job availability, market trends and other factors into account.

Boston climbed four spots in the rankings last year, from No. 9 to No. 5. The strength of Boston’s biotechnology, robotics and AI industries outpaced high housing and operating costs, causing the city’s overall quotient to surge.

Researchers also noted MIT and Harvard’s role in pioneering STEM advances and attracting and educating a skilled workforce.

“The STEMdex, now in its ninth edition, identifies both the markets that currently lead in STEM employment and those positioned for strong future growth,” said Gregg Logan, managing director at RCLCO. “STEM occupations, supported by a highly educated and innovative workforce, are among the most economically influential and highest paying in any market. Their expansion not only creates quality jobs but also drives innovation, attracts investment and shapes long-term housing and infrastructure demand.”